ARVH: Fewster, Helen, Anita Kakar, et al. The American Revolution: A Visual History. New York: DK Publishing, 2016. p146-147

BBN: Cohon, Samuel S. George Washingotn and the Jews of America. The National Jewish Monthly (Vol. 15). January 1924 (No.5). p175-76. 

BD: Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/R000123

BHL: Latrobe, Benjamin Henry, 1764-1820, and John H. B. (John Hazlehurst Boneval) Latrobe. The Journal of Latrobe: Being the Notes And Sketches of an Architect, Naturalist And Traveler In the United States From 1796 to 1820. New York: D. Appleton and company, 1905. 

BRIT: Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. Battle of the Monongahela. Encyclopaedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-the-Monongahela

BRIT1: Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus. Encyclopaedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Lucius-Quinctius-Cincinnatus

BT: Tallmadge, Benjamin, 1754-1835. Memoir of Col. Benjamin Tallmadge. New York: T. Holman, book and job printer, 1858.

CCC: Centennial Anniversary of the Laying of the Cornerstone of the National Capitol, September 18, 1793. Capitol Centennial Committee (U.S.).Washington, D.C: Issued by the Capitol Centennial Committee, 1893.

Century: The Century Making of America Project. The Century Illustrated Monthly Magazine (Vol. 50). New York: The Century Co., May 1890 to October 1890.

CFA: Adams, John, 1735-1826, and Charles Francis Adams. The Works of John Adams, Second President of the United States. Boston: Little, Brown and company [etc.], 1850-56.

CHO: Milkofsky, Brenda. David Bushnell and his Revolutionary Submarine. Connecticut History Org. https://connecticuthistory.org/david-bushnell-and-his-revolutionary-submarine/

CLNN: A Century of Lawmaking for a New Nation: U.S. Congressional Documents and Debates, 1774 – 1875. Journals of the Continental Congress, Volume 2. Washington: Library of Congress. p91-92

DHF: Fischer, David Hackett. Washington’s Crossing. New York: Oxford University Press, 2004. p316

DM: McCullough, David. 1776. New York. Simon & Schuster, 2005. p182, 187 

DM1: McCullough, David. 1776. New York. Simon & Schuster, 2005. p187-188, 190-191

DS: Date Source: “From George Washington to Eleanor Parke Custis, 21 March 1796,” Founders Online, National Archives, https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/05-19-02-0470   

DS1: Date Source: “From George Washington to Joseph Reed, 11 June 1777,” Founders Online, National Archives, https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington / 03-10-02-0004

DS2: Date Source: “From George Washington to the Hebrew Congregation in Newport, Rhode Island, 18 August 1790,” Founders Online, National Archives, https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/05-06-02-0135   

DS3: Date Source: “To George Washington from Lafayette, 23 August 1790,” Founders Online, National Archives, https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/ 05-06-02-0146

DS4: Date Source: “From George Washington to Burwell Bassett, 20 April 1773,” Founders Online, National Archives, https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/02-09-02-0164

DS5: Date Source: “From George Washington to Lieutenant General Thomas Gage, 19 August 1775,” Founders Online, National Archives, https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/03-01-02-0227

DS6: Date Source: “From George Washington to the Pennsylvania Legislature, 12 September 1789,” Founders Online, National Archives, https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/05-04-02-0014

FITZ: Washington, George, 1732-1799, David Maydole Matteson, John Clement Fitzpatrick, and United States George Washington Bicentennial Commission. The Writings of George Washington From the Original Manuscript Sources, 1745-1799 (39 volumes). Washington: U.S. Govt. Print. Off, 193144, 1931.

FITZ2: Washington, George, 1732-1799, John Clement Fitzpatrich, and Mount Vernon Ladies’ Association of the Union. The Diaries of George Washington (4 volumes). Boston: Houghton Mifflin company, 1925.

FJ: Farington, Joseph, 1747-1821, James Greig. The Farington Diary (Vol. I). 3rd edition. New York: George H. Doran Company, 1923. p278

FO: “From George Washington to Colonel Adam Stephen, 20 July 1776,” Founders Online, National Archives, https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/03-05-02-0298

FO1: “From George Washington to Martha Washington, 18 June 1775,” Founders Online, National Archives, https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/03-01-02-0003

FO2: “To George Washington from Martha Washington, 30 March 1767,” Founders Online, National Archives, https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/02-07-02-0336

FO3: “To George Washington from Elizabeth Burgin, 16 March 1780,” Founders Online, National Archives, https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/03-25-02-0044

FO4: “Notes of Cabinet Meeting on Edmond Charles Genet, 2 August 1793,” Founders Online, National Archives, https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Jefferson/01-26-02-0545

FO5: “From George Washington to Eleanor Parke Custis, 21 March 1796,” Founders Online, National Archives, https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/05-19-02-0470

FO6: “From George Washington to Colonel Joseph Reed, 30 November 1776,” Founders Online, National Archives, https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington / 03-07-02-0171

FO7: “To Thomas Jefferson from James Monroe, 12 July 1788,” Founders Online, National Archives, https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Jefferson/01-13-02-0256

FO8: “To George Washington from John Greenwood, 28 December 1798,” Founders Online, National Archives, https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/06-03-02-0200

FO9: “To George Washington from Lieutenant General Thomas Gage, 13 August 1775,” Founders Online, National Archives, https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/03-01-02-0203

FO10: “To George Washington from Benjamin Tallmadge, 8 December 1782,” Founders Online, National Archives, https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/99-01-02-10153

FO11: “From George Washington to Robert Dinwiddie, 17 September 1757,” Founders Online, National Archives, https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/02-04-02-0259

FO12: “To George Washington from Charles Cornwallis, 17 October 1781,” Founders Online, National Archives (early access document), https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/99-01-02-07182

FO13: “To George Washington from Benjamin Lincoln, 28 December 1781,” Founders Online, National Archives (early access dcoument), https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/99-01-02-07600

FO14: “Thomas Jefferson to Walter Jones, 2 January 1814,” Founders Online, National Archives, https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Jefferson/03-07-02-0052

FO15: “To George Washington from Thomas Jefferson, 19 June 1796,” Founders Online, National Archives, https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/05-20-02-0203

FO16: “To George Washington from Guy Carleton, 1 December 1783,” Founders Online, National Archives (early access document), https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/99-01-02-12115

FO17: “From George Washington to David Humphreys, 26 June 1797,” Founders Online, National Archives, https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/06-01-02-0177

FO18: “To Thomas Jefferson from James Monroe, 12 July 1788,” Founders Online, National Archives, https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Jefferson/01-13-02-0256

FO19: “From Alexander Hamilton to George Washington, [13 August 1788],” Founders Online, National Archives, https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Hamilton/01-05-02-0016

FORD: Washington, George, 1732-1799, and Worthington Chauncey Ford. The Writings of George Washington (14 Volumes). Letterpress edition. New York: G.P. Putnam’ Sons, 1889-93.

FORD1: Washington, George, 1732-1799, and Worthington Chauncey Ford. The Writings of George Washington (Volume III). Letterpress edition. New York: G.P. Putnam’ Sons, 1889-93. p247

FORD2: Jefferson, Thomas, and Paul Leicester Ford. The Writings of Thomas Jefferson. New York: G.P. Putnam’s Sons, 1892-99. 

GWPL: George Washington Collection: Lund Washington to George Washington. 1767. The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon. http://catalog.mountvernon.org/digital/collection/p16829coll27/id/1418/rec/29

GWPL2: George Washington Collection: George Washington to Robert Dinwiddie. 1757. The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon. http://catalog.mountvernon.org/digital/collection/p16829coll27/id/1018/rec/1

HOUGHTON: Graham, Catharine (Sawbridge) Macaulay, 1731-1791: Graham to George Washington. A.L.s. to same; New York, 13 Jul 1785, ef68599b-1b85-48ce-ac88-2ac644b8d578. Houghton Library, Harvard University. (MS Sparks 49.3) https://id.lib.harvard.edu/ead/d/ef68599b-1b85-48ce-ac88-2ac644b8d578/catalog  —Accessed April 18, 2023. 

HOUGHTON2: Lafayette, Marquis de, 1757-1734: Lafayette to George Washington. A.L.s. to same; New York, 06 Oct 1797. Houghton Library, Harvard University. (MS Sparks 49.3) https://iiif.lib.harvard.edu/manifests/view/drs:422126179$2i  —Accessed April 27, 2023. 

HL: Lee, Henry. A Funeral Oration on the Death of George Washington. Boston: Joseph Nancrede and Manning and Lorning. 1799.

Holling: Hollingsworth, Anne Wharton. Women of Colonial and Revolutionary Rtimes: Martha Washington. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1897. p271

HT: Lee, Alexander. The History of the Barbeque. History Today. https://www.historytoday.com/archive/historians-cookbook/history-barbecue

JPP: The Papers of Thomas Jefferson, Volume 29: 1 March 1796 to 31 December 1797.

Princeton University Press, 2002. p73-88

JPW: De Warville, J.P. Brissot. New Travels in the United States of America Performed in 1788. Dublin: W. Corbet, 1792. p427-431

KET: Ketchum, Richard M. The World of George Washington. New York: American Heritage Publishing Company, Inc., 1974.

KOHN: Kohn, Richard H. “The Inside History of the Newburgh Conspiracy: American and the Coup d’Etat,” The William and Mary Quarterly, Third Series 27, no. 2, (1970): 187-220.

LD: Liberty Documents. Broadwoods Publishing, 2023. p72-73, 75-76

LIHS: Memoirs of the Long Island Historical Society: George Washingotn and Mount Vernon (Vol. 4). Long Island Historical Society. Brooklyn, N.Y.: LIHS, 1889.

LOC: Residence Act: Primary Documents in American History. Library of Congress. 

https://guides.loc.gov/residence-act

LOC1: Lee, Elina. The City of Washington From the Serial Set. Digital Resource Division, Law Library of Congress https://www.loc.gov/ghe/cascade/index.html?appid=3084b0ebb9f94436ad8648c48e02284e

LOC2: George Washington Papers, Series 4, General Correspondence: Burgess Ball to George Washington. 1789. Manuscript/Mixed Material. Retrieved from the Library of Congress, www.loc.gov/item/mgw436452

LOC3: George Washington Papers, Series 4, General Correspondence: Jean B. Donatien de Vimeur, Comte de Rochambeau to George Washington. 1790. Manuscript/Mixed Material. Retrieved from the Library of Congress, www.loc.gov/item/mgw436671

LOC4: George Washington Papers, Series 4, General Correspondence: John Langdon to George Washington. 1789. Manuscript/Mixed Material. Retrieved from the Library of Congress, www.loc.gov/item/mgw436389

LOC5: George Washington Papers, Series 4, General Correspondence: Henry Knox to George Washington. 1797. Manuscript/Mixed Material. Retrieved from the Library of Congress, www.loc.gov/item/mgw440439

LOC6: George Washington Papers, Series 4, General Correspondence: Felix Frestel to George Washington. 1797. Manuscript/Mixed Material. Retrieved from the Library of Congress, www.loc.gov/item/mgw440826

LOC7: George Washington Papers, Series 4, General Correspondence: George Washington Motier Lafayette to George Washington. 1797. Manuscript/Mixed Material. Retrieved from the Library of Congress, www.loc.gov/item/mgw440827

LOC8: George Washington Papers, Series 4, General Correspondence: Benedict Arnold to George Washington. 1780. Manuscript/Mixed Material. Retrieved from the Library of Congress,  www.loc.gov/item/mgw425570

LOC9: Washington, George. George Washington Papers, Series 2, Letterbooks 1754 to 1799: Letterbook 22,- Aug. 24, 1790. – August 24, 1790. Manuscript/Mixed Material. Retrieved from the Library of Congress,  www.loc.gov/item/mgw2.022

LOC10: George Washington Papers, Series 4, General Correspondence: Charles Cornwallis to George Washington. 1781. Manuscript/Mixed Material. Retrieved from the Library of Congress, www.loc.gov/item/mgw429618

LOC11: George Washington Papers, Series 4, General Correspondence: John Joiner Ellis to George Washington. 1783. Manuscript/Mixed Material. Retrieved from the Library of Congress, www.loc.gov/item/mgw433724

MACK: Mach, Ebenezer. The Life of Gilbert Motier de Lafayette. Ithaca, New York: Mack, Andrus, & Woodruff, 1841. p59-60

MVLA: Kritzberg, Margaret, Emily Yankowitz. Catharine Sawbridge Macaulay Graham (1731-1791). Mount Vernon Ladies’ Association. https://www.mountvernon.org/library/digitalhistory/digital-encyclopedia/article/catharine-sawbridge-macaulay-graham-1731-1791

MVLA 1: Passion and Integrity: The Loves of George Washington. Mount Vernon Ladies’ Association. https://www.mountvernon.org/george-washington/facts/washington-stories/passion-and-integrity-the-loves-of-george-washington

MVLA2: George & Martha’s Courtship. Mount Vernon Ladies’ Association and the Center for History and New Media at George Mason University https://www.mountvernon.org/george-washington/martha-washington/george-marthas-courtship

MVLA3: Hardy, Ph.D., Rob. Cato. Mount Vernon Ladies’ Association. https://www.mountvernon.org/library/digitalhistory/digital-encyclopedia/article/cato

MLVA4: Serverian, William. Alexandria Academy. Mount Vernon Ladies’ Association. https://www.mountvernon.org/library/digitalhistory/digital-encyclopedia/article/alexandria-academy

MVLA5 Dogs. Mount Vernon Ladies’ Association. https://www.mountvernon.org/library/digitalhistory/digital-encyclopedia/article/dogs

MVLA6: Education. Mount Vernon Ladies’ Association. https://www.mountvernon.org/george- washington/education

MVLA7: Fanny Bassett. Mount Vernon Ladies’ Association. https://www.mountvernon.org/library/digitalhistory/digital-encyclopedia/article/fanny-bassett/

MVLA8: Fore, Samuel K. George Augustine Washington (ca. 1759-1793). Mount Vernon Ladies’ Association.https://www.mountvernon.org/library/digitalhistory/digital-encyclopedia/article/george-augustine-washington-ca-1759-1793/

MVLA9: Thompson, Mary V. Nelson (Horse). Mount Vernon Ladies’ Association. https://www.mountvernon.org/library/digitalhistory/digital-encyclopedia/article/nelson-horse/#note11

MVLA10: Kimberly, Maria. House of Burgesses. Mount Vernon Ladies’ Association  https://www.mountvernon.org/library/digitalhistory/digital-encyclopedia/article/house-of-burgesses

MVLA11: A Paddock for Deer. Mount Vernon Ladies’ Association. https://www.mountvernon.org/the-estate-gardens/gardens-landscapes/a-paddock-for-deer

MVLA12: Stolz III, Joseph F. François-Jean de Chastellux. Mount Vernon Ladies’ Association. https://www.mountvernon.org/library/digitalhistory/digital-encyclopedia/article/francois-jean-de-chastellux

MVLA13: Leepson, Marc. George Washington and the Marquis de Lafayette. Mount Vernon Ladies’ Association. https://www.mountvernon.org/library/digitalhistory/digital-encyclopedia/article/george-washington-and-the-marquis-de-lafayette

MLVA14: Lenhart, Chelsea. Hercules. Mount Vernon Ladies’ Association. https://www.mountvernon.org/library/digitalhistory/digital-encyclopedia/article/hercules

MVLA15: Stockwell, Mary. Baron von Steuben. Mount Vernon Ladies’ Association. https://www.mountvernon.org/library/digitalhistory/digital-encyclopedia/article/baron-von-steuben

MVLA16: Hanson, Ashley. John Cadwalader. Mount Vernon Ladies’ Association. https://www.mountvernon.org/library/digitalhistory/digital-encyclopedia/article/john-cadwalader/

MVLA17: Nolan, Kiera E. Lawrence Washington. Mount Vernon Ladies’ Association. https://www.mountvernon.org/library/digitalhistory/digital-encyclopedia/article/lawrence-washington

MVLA18: Washington’s Changing Views on Slavery. Mount Vernon Ladies’ Association. https://www.mountvernon.org/george-washington/slavery/washingtons-changing-views-on-slavery

NCC: NCC Staff. (2022, October 7). On this day: “No taxation without representation!” The National Constitution Center. https://constitutioncenter.org/blog/no-taxation-without-representation

NCC1: NCC Staff. On this day: The First Continental Congress concludes. National Constitution Center. https://constitutioncenter.org/blog/on-this-day-the-first-continental-congress-concludes

NYT: Washington, George. Washington on “Love and Marriage.” New York Times, 19 February 1905. Part Three, First Magazine Section, p1

NGA: National Governors Association. https://www.nga.org/governor/joseph-reed

NPS: National Park Service. Ona Judge Escapes to Freedom. https://www.nps.gov/articles/independence-oneyjudge.htm

NPS1: National Park Service. Battle of the Capes. https://www.nps.gov/york/learn/historyculture/battle-of-the-capes.htm

NPS2: National Park Service. Morristown National Historic Park. Frequently Asked Questions. https://www.nps.gov/morr/faqs.htm

PF: O’Neale, Sondra A. Phyllis Wheatley 1753-1784. Emory University & the Poetry Foundation. https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poets/phillis-wheatley

PICK: Pickering, Octavius. The Life of Timothy Pickering. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1867.  p431

PKO: O’Donnell, Patrick K. Washington’s Immortals. New York: Grove Press, 2016. p59-74

RMP: To George Washington from Lawrence Lewis, November 21, 1798.  Rosenbach Museum, Philadelphia. Archives collections, manuscripts. 

SJI: Idzerda, Stanley J, et al. Lafayette in the Age of the American Revolution: Selected Letters and Papers, 1776–1790 (Vol. 5). Ithaca, New York: 1977-83. p237–238

SMYTH: Franklin, Benjamin, Albert Henry Smyth. The Writings of Benjamin Franklin; Collected and Edited with a Life and Introduction (10 Vols.). New York: The Macmillan Company, 1905-1907.

SPARKS: Sparks, Jared. Correspondence of the American Revolution (4 volumes). Boston: Little, Brown, and Company, 1853.

TGZ: Kubacki, Dan. World’s largest sycamore tree towers over Jeromesville. Times-Gazette.https://www.times-gazette.com/story/news/2013/10/07/world-s-largest-sycamore-tree/18971008007

USCM: The Quasi-War with France (1798-1801). USS Constitution Museum. https://ussconstitutionmuseum.org/major-events/the-quasi-war-with-france